肺上皮干/祖细胞种类和研究方法进展

Advances in Classification and Research Methods of Lung Epithelial Stem and Progenitor Cells

分离和鉴定肺上皮干/祖细胞,深入了解他们在肺脏生理病理条件下的具体作用机理,对于防治包括肺癌在内的肺脏疾病有重要意义。本综述介绍了已鉴定的肺上皮干/祖细胞种类和肺上皮干/祖细胞研究方法的最新进展,前者具有区域特异性,主要包括位近端气道的基底细胞和导管细胞,位细支气管的Clara细胞、变异Clara细胞、细支气管肺泡干细胞和诱导出的krt5^+细胞及位肺泡的II型肺泡上皮细胞和II型肺泡上皮祖细胞;后者主要包括肺损伤模型、谱系示踪技术、三维培养技术、移植、慢性标记细胞法及单细胞转录组学分析等。最后简述了肺上皮干/祖细胞与肺癌的关系以及肺癌干细胞靶向药物治疗进展。

Isolation and characterization of lung epithelial stem and progenitor cells and understanding of their specific role in lung physiopathology are critical for preventing and controlling lung diseases including lung cancer. In this review, we summarized recent advances in classification and research methods of lung epithelial stem and progenitor cells. Lung epithelial stem and progenitor cells were region-specific, which primarily included basal cells and duct cells in proximal airway, Clara cells, variant Clara cells, bronchioalveolar stem cells and induced krt5＋ cells in bronchioles, type II alveolar cells and type II alveolar progenitor cells in alveoli. The research methods of lung epithelial stem and progenitor cells were mainly focused on lung injury models, lineage-tracing experiments, three dimensional culture, transplantation, chronic labeled cells and single-cell transcriptome analysis. Lastly, the potential relationship between lung epithelial stem and progenitor cells and lung cancer as well as lung cancer stem cell-targeted drug development were briefly reviewed.