基于构件损毁模拟仿真的沿海农村典型低矮房屋台风风灾易损性研究

Probabilistic component-based Monte Carlo simulation of vulnerability for a typical low-rise rural residential building in coastal China

中国地处西北太平洋地区,年均有7~8次台风登陆,台风大风经常给沿海建筑物造成损失,特别是缺乏抗风设计、质量较差的低矮房屋受风灾影响严重.分析加固措施、建筑材料、施工质量对房屋构件抗风性能的影响,建立沿海农村低矮房屋的易损性曲线有着重要的意义.本文基于风工程研究经验,首先设定了一种沿海典型低矮农村房屋的结构及其风结构特征参数;其次,开展了低矮房屋结构易损性的蒙特卡洛模拟,分别得到不同加固措施、不同容重、最不利条件下的屋面易损性曲线,以及不同砂浆强度、不同砌体容重和最不利条件下的墙面易损性曲线;然后,通过将房屋看作屋面、墙体等构件易损性曲线的组合,得到房屋不同破坏状态的易损性曲线,并基于不同破坏状态下的房屋平均损失率及构件在不同风速下的破坏概率得到房屋整体易损性曲线.沿海低矮房屋风灾易损性评估结果,可为沿海地区台风灾害损失评估提供定量依据.

Located in the Northwestern Pacific region,China suffers from severe typhoons.The frequently landing typhoons lead to significant wind-induced loss to coastal buildings,especially those with design deficiencies and poor construction quality.Analysis of effects of reinforcement measures,construction materials and construction quality on resistance capacity of building plays important role in helping to establish vulnerability curves of coastal rural residential buildings.In the present study,characteristic parameters of wind load and building load are set up to a typical low-rise rural residential building based on wind engineering principle.Monte-Carlo simulation engine is then used with a probabilistic framework based on component view of typical building.The simulation engine compares vulnerability of building components with different reinforcement measures,materials and conditions.Building is taken as a combination of walls and roof;the vulnerability curves of typical residential building under different damage stages are then obtained.Based on the average building damage ratio at various damage stages and damage probability of components under a range of wind speeds,the vulnerability curve of whole typical building is derived.Such analysis will help find better mitigation strategies for rural buildings to withstand typhoon hazards.