新疆大型综合性医院医务人员职业紧张与慢性病患病情况

Occupational stress and prevalence of chronic diseases in medical workers in large-scale general hospitals in Xinjiang

[目的]了解新疆三甲医院医务人员职业紧张和慢性非传染性疾病(简称"慢性病")患病情况,完善新疆地区医务人员职业紧张和慢性病患病的流行病学资料。[方法]采取整群抽样的方法,抽取3家新疆三级甲等医院的医务人员2 036人作为研究对象,通过工作紧张度问卷和慢性非传染性疾病现患情况及行为危险因素调查问卷调查其职业紧张和慢性病患病情况。运用描述性分析来介绍医务人员的职业紧张状况和慢性病患病情况,卡方检验分析不同职业紧张组医务人员的慢性病患病差异,logistics回归分析慢性病的影响因素。[结果]调查结果显示,依工作紧张指数划分,低(<3.89)、中(3.89~4.37)、高(>4.37)职业紧张组的人数分别为414人(22.4%)、931人(50.4%)和502人(27.2%);其中77.6%的医务人员处于中、高度职业紧张水平。患病率居前4位的慢性病依次是颈、腰部疾病(24.6%),慢性消化系统疾病(21.5%),高血压(14.9%)及高血脂(10.1%);且在不同职业紧张组,这4种慢性病的患病率不同(P<0.05)。在控制人口学特征因素后进行logistic回归分析发现:随着工作紧张指数和工作压力指数的增加,医务人员患慢性病的风险增加,其OR及95%CI分别为6.172(3.542~8.323)和5.134(2.706~8.822)。[结论]新疆三甲医院医务人员的职业紧张程度和慢性非传染性疾病的患病率均较高。职业紧张程度不同,慢性病的发生情况也不同。职业紧张有可能会增加医务人员发生慢性病的风险。

[ Objective ] To understand the occupational stress and the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases （chronic diseases） among medical workers in Xinjiang tertiary grade A hospitals, and to complete related epidemiological databank. [ Methods ] Using cluster sampling method, 2 036 medical workers were selected from three Xinjiang tertiary grade A hospitals. A survey was conducted using Job Stress Scale and Chronic Non-communicable Diseases Prevalence and Behavioral Risk Factors Questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the medical workers＇ occupational stress and prevalence of chronic diseases. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences of chronic diseases prevalence in different occupational stress groups. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors of chronic diseases. [ Results ] The low （job stress index, 〈3.89）, medium （3.89-4.37）, and high （〉4.37） occupational stress groups consisted of 414 （22.4%）, 931 （50.4%）, and 502 （27.2%） medical workers, respectively; namely 77.6% of the medical workers were in medium or high occupational stress level. The top four chronic diseases were neck and lumbar diseases （24.6%）, chronic digestive system diseases （21.5%）, hypertension （14.9%）, and hyperlipidemia （10.1%）, which were significantly varied among groups of different occupational stress levels （P 〈 0.05）. Besides, according the logistic regression analysis after adjusting demographic characteristics, increased job stress index [OR （95%C/）： 6.172 （3.542-8.323）] and job pressure index [OR （95%C/）： 5.134 （2.706-8.822）1 were associated with increased risks of chronic diseases. [ Conclusion ] The occupational stress level and the prevalence rate of chronic diseases are both high in the medical workers in Xinjiang tertiary grade A hospitals. The chronic diseases prevalence rates vary in the groups with different occupational stress levels, and occupational stress may increase the risks of chronic diseases in medical workers.