王阳明良知-教化现象学脞说

A Bit of Wang Yangming's Phenomenology of “Liang zhi” and Edification

阳明心学高扬了文化理想,同时却也重视实现文化理想的途径或方法问题。由文化理想的超迈绝伦,阳明讲良知自知、良知独知、见在良知等,仿佛良知可以脱离一切"现象"而"千古见在"。由文化理想的实现问题,阳明讲贵在得师、教化兴行等,重视良知的公共化、天理化、圣贤化和政教化,又似乎良知只能透过具体生活"现象"而"有"。前者重视道德"本体"的呈露,是一种"良知现象学"。后者强调人生的"工夫"历程,是一种"教化现象学"。两者碰撞内嵌,揭示出阳明心学"自我教化-圣王教化"的复调结构。

Wang Yang-ming's philosophy of mind has two approaches. On the one hand, it advocates transcendental cultural ideal, but on the other hand it realizes that transcendental cultural ideal is immanent in human nature. This paper argues that these two aspects are contradictory, but also support each other.First of all, Wang Yangming emphasizes that the conception of 'liang zhi' is not only a kind of 'self-knowing', 'alone-knowing', but also a kind of 'present-knowing'. And then, Wang Yangming stresses the importance of teachers, sages, heavenly principle, edification, etc. and discourses on the public access of'liang zhi'. Based on the above referred analysis, this paper draws a parallel between Wang Yangming's phenomenology of 'liang zhi' and Wang Yang-ming's phenomenology of edification.