基于基尼系数的停车换乘拥挤收费定价模型

Pricing Model of Park and Ride Congestion Based on Gini Coefficient

许多大城市提倡停车换乘的组合出行方式,目的是减少出行车辆,缓解交通拥挤状况.应用双层规划模型对停车换乘拥挤收费进行研究.下层模型采用弹性需求SUE模型,上层模型考虑了交通公平因素.以各出行方式占用的道路资源为公平指标,应用基尼系数对传统上层模型进行改造,构建一个用户盈余尽可能大而基尼系数尽可能小的上层模型,并利用基尼系数控制参数,实现在不同公平要求下的拥挤收费设计.算例表明,基于基尼系数的停车换乘拥挤收费设计,能改善道路的拥挤状况,且兼顾了用户盈余与公平.

Many large cities are calling for the park and ride traffic mode for the purpose to decrease vehicle transport, thus to alleviate traffic congestion. In this paper, the park and ride congestion charging design was studied by using bi-level programming model. The underlayer model is applied the （SUE） model of elastic demand. Taking factors of traffic equity into account, the upper-layer model occupies the road resources as the equity indicator by all means. Through Gini coefficient, the traditional upper-layer model was transformed to be of larger user surplus with smaller Gini coefficient. In the meantime, parameters for controlling the Gini coefficient were used to achieve congestion charging designs of different equity requirements. Shown from the example, park and ride congestion charging design based on Gini Coefficient contributes to the alleviation of traffic congestion as well as improvement of user surplus and equity.