2岁儿童词汇发育研究

Study on vocabulary development in 2-year-old children

目的调查2岁儿童正常词汇发展情况,探讨儿童语言发育迟缓筛查标准。方法选择2015年5-12月在连云港市儿童医院就诊的704名2岁儿童为研究对象,其中有效样本700名,由专人问卷调查儿童最常用的245个词汇的表达情况。结果2岁时自发表达的词汇量平均为109个,24~25个月儿童第5和第10百分位词汇量分别为30个和50个。24~25个月与26~27个月儿童男女词汇量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在所罗列的16类词汇中,概括为名词(137个)、动词(32个)、形容词(38个)和其他词(包括介词、代词、疑问词、否定词等38个)四大类,随着年龄增长,名词占总词汇量的比例逐渐减少,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而形容词和其他词占总词汇量的比例逐渐增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);只有动词占总词汇量的比例各年龄无明显差别。结论 2岁时自发表达的词汇量少于30个可视为语言发育迟缓,自发表达的词汇量少于50个可视为语言发育迟缓可能。

Objective To survey normal vocabulary development of 2-year-old children,explore the screening standard of language development delay in children. Methods A total of 704 children aged 2 years old were selected from Lianyungang Children＇s Hospital from May to December in 2015,and 700 children were valid samples,245 common words were surveyed in the children by a questionnaire. Results The average vocabulary number of spontaneous expression in the children was 109. The fifth and the tenth percentile of vocabulary number in children aged 24-25 months were 30 and 50,respectively. There was statistically significant difference in vocabulary number between boys and girls in the children aged 24-25 months and 26-27 months（ P0. 05）. Sixteen categories of words were divided into nouns（ 137）,verbs（ 32）,adjectives（ 38） and other words（ including prepositions,pronouns,interrogative words,negative words,38）. The proportion of nouns decreased gradually with age,there was statistically significant difference（ P〈0. 05）; the proportions of adjectives and other words increased gradually with age,there were statistically significant differences（ P〈0. 05）; there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of verbs among different age groups. Conclusion The children aged 2 years old with the number of spontaneous expression word less than 30 can be diagnosed as language development delay,the number of spontaneous expression word less than 50 can be regarded as probable language development delay.