环境分子诊断技术在污染场地环境管理中的应用进展

Application of Environmental Molecular Diagnostics in Environmental Management of Contaminated Site

环境分子诊断技术(EMDSs)是有机单体同位素分析和各种分子生物学技术的总称,将其应用于污染场地特征识别、修复方案可行性评估、监测和修复终止等污染场地环境管理过程中,探明土壤和地下水中污染物生物和非生物降解过程、降解速率及机制,确定不同污染来源,可弥补传统污染场地环境管理方法的不足,具有广阔的发展前景。文章综述了污染场地环境管理过程及传统方法的不足,介绍了有机单体同位素分析和各种分子生物学技术的基本原理和用途,并对各种技术的特点进行阐述和对比;介绍了EMDSs在污染场地环境管理中的实际应用,提出了EMDSs的发展趋势。

Environmental molecular diagnostics （ EMDSs ） is a series of techniques by combining chemical techniques, specifically compound specific isotope analysis （ CSIA） , and a variety of molecular biological techniques （ MBTs） , which have application in each phase of environmental site management, including site characterization identification, feasibility evaluation of remediation plan, monitoring and closure activities. EMDSs can complement these data for conventional management by providing direct measurements of the abiotic and biotic degradation process and relative rates of various degradation processes. In addition, EMDSs can be used to identify the source of contamination when several sources are suspected. The application of EMDSs has a bright prospect in environmental site management. The paper reviews the environmental management process for contaminated site and limitation of conventional methods, introduces the fundamental principal and application of EMDSs, the characteristic and the application of EMDSs, and practical application in environmental site management. Future prospect of EMDSs is also presented.