从制度结构视角审视美国霸权与碎片化贸易的关系

Analyzing the Relationship between American Hegemony and Fragmentation of Tradefrom the Institution Structure Perspective

20世纪80年代后,美国开始将贸易政策转向区域层面,对碎片化制度持有一种包容和参与的态度。本文为研究美国霸权与碎片化制度之间的关系,首先介绍了美国的贸易政策在空间范围上发生转向的历史进程。此后,本文从传统的贸易理论和制度霸权理论,分析了美国产生制度偏好的原因。本文从霸权贸易制度内、制度外和制度间层次三个角度,分析了美国和碎片化贸易制度之间的关系。最后,本文就制度内层次继续发掘,发现了美国贸易偏好的社会根源,阐述了霸权偏好背后的利益集团因素及对霸权可能的削弱作用。总而言之,美国霸权与碎片化贸易制度的关系本质上就是制度霸权与区域层面贸易公共物品的关系,这种关系在制度内受到霸权国制度供给能力、意愿、利益诉求和利益集团的影响,在制度外受到全球层面和区域层面其他贸易制度的影响,在制度之间受到追赶国实力和地位的影响,因此美国的制度霸权对碎片化贸易制度采取了有限包容和参与的态度。

After the 1980 s, the United States began to turn the trade policy to the regional level and held the attitude of tolerance and participation to the fragmentation of the trade. In order to study what is the relationship between the hegemonyof the United States and the fragmentation of the trade,this paper introduces the historical process of American trade policy in space firstly. Then, this article analyzed the reason why the United States produced the institutionpreference base onthe traditional trade theory and the hegemony theory. In the third part, this paper analyzes the relationship between the United States and the fragmented trade regimes from the perspective of the inside, outside and the inter-regime relations. Finally, the paper continues to explore with the regime and finds out the social origin of American trade preference and the factors of interest groups behind the hegemony preference which may weaken the power of hegemony. Overall, the relationship between American hegemony and fragmentation trade is essentially the relationship between hegemony and regional trade public goods.This relationship is influenced by hegemonic regime, supply capacity, wishes, interests and interest groups with the regime, and the international trade and interregime relations outside the regime. So America shows the attitude of limited tolerance and participation to the fragments of trade.