服务贸易开放水平的量化研究——基于韩国对中国、澳大利亚承诺的对比分析

Quantifying the Service Trade Openness——Comparative Analysis on Commitments of Korea to China and Australia

韩国在中韩FTA以正面清单做出服务承诺,在韩澳FTA以负面清单做出服务承诺,分析两份承诺的差异及造成差异的原因将为中国未来在服务领域的承诺由正面清单转向负面清单提供一定的参考。本文以中韩FTA与韩澳FTA的承诺文本为基础,结合澳大利亚生产力委员会与OECD服务贸易限制性指数两种方法,度量了韩国电信服务在中韩FTA与韩澳FTA的开放度,进而从具体承诺、服务提供模式的贡献、以及国内改革等三个维度分析了韩国电信服务开放度差异形成的原因。结论表明:韩国电信服务在入世承诺和中韩FTA的开放度基本一致(35%),在韩澳FTA的开放度比入世承诺大幅提高(63%);这一差异既有承诺方式的原因——正面清单往往沿袭和继承入世承诺,也源于对国外具体行业的内部改革了解不足,缺乏针对性诉求。

Korea makes services commitment inits FTA with China using positive list, while using negative list in its FTA with Australia. Analysis of the differences and the behind reasons may offer some references for China to transfer listing approach from positive to negative in the future. This paper is based on the specific commitments of China-Korea FTA and Australia-Korea FTA, and combines withservice trade restrictive index developed by the Australian Productivity Commission and the OECD. The level of openness of Korean telecom services in both FTAs is measured with a further analysis of the causes which leads to the openness variation with respectsofthe specific commitments, the mode of supply and the domestic reform. The conclusion shows that the openness of Korean telecom services in C-KFTA stays almost the same as that of its GATS commitments（35%）, while rising significantly to 63% in its FTA with Australia. On one hand, it may be caused by the way of making commitments, as positive list tends to follow and inherit GATS commitments, there would hardly be any improvement without specific requests. On the other hand, insufficient understanding of domestic reform in the specific industry of the foreign country could lead to unambiguous requests.