企业对外直接投资能否降低母国环境污染——基于跨国面板数据门槛效应的实证研究

Can Enterprises Foreign Direct Investment Reduce Home Country's Environmental Pollution——Threshold Effect Empirical Study Based on Counter-Countries' Panel Data

在全球环境污染加速的背景下,经济全球化的环境效应成为学术界关注的热点话题。本文将企业对外直接投资如何影响母国环境作为切入点对此进行研究。传统观点认为企业对外直接投资会通过产业转移减少母国环境污染,本文作者则认为最终的综合效应取决于规模效应、结构效应与技术效应的作用方向和大小,因此,与母国经济条件有很大的相关性。基于全球100个国家的跨国面板数据,本文构建门槛效应模型展开实证研究,得出两个主要结论:一是低经济发展程度国家企业对外直接投资会增加母国环境污染,而高经济发展程度国家企业对外直接投资不影响母国环境;二是高制造业占比国家企业对外直接投资会增加母国环境污染,而低制造业占比国家企业对外直接投资不会影响母国环境。

In the context of the acceleration of global environmental pollution, the environmental effect of economic globalization has become a hot topic in academic.This paper studies that how foreign direct investment influence home country＇s environment pollution. The traditional view isthat foreign direct investment will reduce home country＇s environment pollution through industry transfer,but in this paper, wehold the view thatthe final comprehensive influence is determined bythe direction and the size of scale effect, structure effect and technology effect; therefore, it has great relevance with home country＇s economic conditions.Based on 100 countries＇ panel data, we constructed threshold effect model for empirical research, and we get two main conclusions： first,foreign direct investment ofenterprises located in low development level countries will increase home countries＇ environmental pollution, but enterprises located in highdevelopment levelcountries have no effect on environmental pollution; second, foreign direct investment ofenterprises located in countries with high manufacturing ratio will increase environmental pollution, but that of countries with low manufacturing ratio have no effect on environmental pollution.