新型丝织品文物清洗材料的研制

Development of new cleaning materials for silk relics

由于出土丝织品文物组成结构和老化程度都有差异,且其染料成分和植物来源也不尽相同,这就需要有针对性地选择清洗材料和清洗技术。为此,根据出土丝织品表面附着物成分(油污、脂肪酸固结物,泥土和血迹等),通过正交试验进行组分配比优化组合,配制了以烷基糖苷为表面活性剂的丝织品清洗材料。考察了清洗材料去污效果,对有色丝织品材质、颜色以及存放稳定性的影响。结果表明,所配制清洗材料对常见污物去污率达98%;对丝织品抗拉强度变化和表面颜色影响小,是一种高效清洗材料。研究结果为出土丝织品文物清洗保护提供了新的思路。

The composition and degree of degradation of unearthed silk relics vary, as do the dyes that color them. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the right cleaning materials and techniques, case by case. The surface contami- nation of the relics was classified into the categories （ oil, solid fats, soil and blood） and experiments were designed to optimize the composition of cleaning agents. Finally the natural surfactant, Alkyl Polyglycoside （APG）, was selected as the basic recipe and a mild and efficient water - based cleaning agent for cleaning the surface of silk artifacts was successfully developed. The rate of decontamination of the newly developed cleaning reagent is very high - as high as 98% in some cases. Changes in silk tensile strength and the degree of fading are evaluated before and after cleaning. The results suggested there was little difference. The research provides a new way of thinking about the preparation of agents to clean unearthed silk relics.