农村独生子女家庭的现代权变与制度隐忧--以苏北鱼村“一子两挑”的家庭为例

The Institutional Contingency and Potential Problems of Rural Single-children Families——Based on Single-children Families Residing in Two Sides in Northern Jiangsu Province

"一子两挑"是独生子女家庭在日常实践中为应对现实需求而形塑出的权变模式,以独生子女为主体的核心小家庭呈现出双系继嗣的制度幻象。然而户籍的分离和财产继承的身份边界将小夫妻割裂为两个独立的经济主体,并将孙代的姓氏与财产继承捆绑,进一步撕裂了小家庭的完整性;另一方面,夫妻小家庭因利益、感情、现实等因素避重就轻地游走在两家之间,父代被置于劣势地位,家庭养老逐渐向"管好最后丧礼"的形式化孝道蜕变。由此来看,"一子两挑"的婚居实践确实改写了男性单系继嗣的家庭制度,但在变革的过程中存在诸多隐忧,是否会转向双系继嗣制度有待进一步研究。

Sing-children family residing in two sides is a contingent form to adapt to the living needs for the single-child family in daily practice,and the nuclear family consisting of two single-children appears phantasm of double lineage institution.In fact,the phantasm hides a lot of problems.On the one hand,the boundary of successive identity cuts the single-child couple into two individual economic subject,and the binding of the son＇s surname with inheritance tears the integrality of the nuclear family.On the other hand,because of interest,emotions and reality,the single-child couple has to moves between two parentfamilies,which makes their parents in a disadvantageous situation.Family supporting approximates formalized filial duty of grand funeral.In a word,the practice of single child residing in two sides changes the traditional lineage inheritance,leading to lots of potential problems.It is still unknown whether or not this change will lead to double lineage institution.