老年人健康行为影响因素及社区健康照护研究

A study on the factors contributing to health behaviors and the health care of the elderly in community

目的探讨社区老年人健康行为影响因素和社区老年人健康照护工作。方法以社区老年人为对象,随机抽取5个社区的老年人,发放问卷560份,共回收有效问卷493份,从老年人健康观、健康行为及影响因素、社区健康照护现状等展开调查。结果老年人持有比较积极的健康观,但健康行为却不容乐观;经济收入、婚姻、有无规律运动等因素均会影响老年人健康行为。结论老年人的健康观念和健康行为"脱节"严重,不同收入水平老人对健康资源利用的不均衡性较凸显,精神陪伴、规律运动对参与健康行为有很大促进作用。应从健康养老机制、健康理念、健康养老资源创设、健康治理等角度制定加强老年人健康照护工作的对策。

Objective To explore the factors contributing to health behaviors and the health care of the elderly in community. Methods 493 questionnaires were collected from the elderly in community,surveying their conception of health,health behavior and the current situation of health care they received in community. Results The elderly had a positive view on health,the average scores of all five factors were above 3（ the higher the scores were,the more beneficial behaviors were to health）,but their health behavior was not appropriate. Scores of items such as exercise,recreation and folk medicine were all above 3（ the higher the scores were,the less beneficial behaviors were to health）. The elderly who were different in economic income,marriage had statistically significant different scores on exercise,recreation and religious activity（ P〈0. 05）,thus affecting the health behavior of the elderly. Conclusion The elderly＇s health conception and health behaviors are not synchronized. Health resource utilization is not balanced among the elderly with different income levels. Company and exercise has a great effect on health behavior. Suggestions to improve health care of the elderly are discussed from aspects of pension system,health concept,health resources etc.