430名产褥期妇女的膳食模式及分布

The distribution of dietary patterns among puerperium women

目的了解产褥期妇女的膳食状况,初步建立产褥期妇女的膳食模式。方法采用方便抽样,在北京、济南、长沙等地抽取430名产褥期妇女进行膳食调查,膳食调查采用膳食频率法。采用主成分分析提取不同的膳食模式。结果 4种膳食模式分别是"薯豆水果"模式、"高蔬菜低肉"模式、"高肉低蔬菜"模式、"粗粮面"模式。"高肉低蔬菜"膳食模式与产褥期妇女的年龄分布有差异;"粗粮面"膳食模式与产褥期妇女家庭人均月收入有差异。多因素结果分析显示,产褥期妇女的家庭经济情况是"高蔬菜低肉"膳食模式、"高肉低蔬菜"膳食模式及"粗粮面"膳食模式的影响因素。结论产褥期妇女膳食模式多样化,且与多种因素有关,应进一步加强对产褥期妇女的知识教育,选择最科学合理的膳食模式。

Objective To investigate dietary patterns among puerperium woman to inform diet improvement in these women. Methods A questionnaire survey on food frequency was conducted among 484 puerperium women selected by convenient sampling from Beijing, Jinan, and Changsha. Principal component analysis was used to extract different dietary patterns. Results Four major dietary patterns were observed ：＂ potato, bean and fruits＂ pattern, ＂high vegetable and low meat ＂ pattern, ＂ high meat and low vegetable＂ pattern, and ＂ cereals and pasta＂ pattern. Univariate analysis revealed that the ＂ high meat and low vegetable＂ pattern and age were statistically significant （P = 0. 002）, and the ＂ cereals and pasta＂ pattern and per capita monthly income were statistically significant （P 〈 0. 001 ）. Multivariate analysis showed that family economic situation of women was the factor affecting ＂high vegetable and low meat＂ pattern, ＂high meat and low vegetable＂ pattern, and ＂cereals and pasta＂ pattern. Conclusion The dietary patterns of puerperium women showed diversification and related to many factors. We should strengthen education to inform puerperium women to choose balanced and nutritional dietary pattern.