1646名健康儿童血锌、铁、铜和钙水平调查与分析

Blood concentrations of zinc,iron,copper and calcium in 1646 healthy children

目的调查0~15岁健康儿童血微量元素锌、铁、铜及宏量元素钙的水平。方法整群抽取2015年1—12月在本院儿科进行保健体检的1 646名0~15岁儿童,采用原子吸收光谱法进行末梢血锌、铁、铜、钙元素的检测。分析不同年龄组儿童营养元素的异常率、各组不同性别营养元素水平的差异。结果铁、锌随年龄的增长逐渐增加,钙随年龄的增长逐渐减低,7~15岁组铜元素水平低于其他组,差异均有统计学意义。各年龄组儿童铜元素水平基本正常;无铁超标,总体缺铁率为29.7%,<1岁组和1~<4岁组铁缺乏的发生率最高,分别为53.7%、29.1%;锌元素总体缺乏率为13.4%,7~15岁组最高为22.3%;总体钙超标率为4.2%,<1岁组最高为9.1%;总缺钙率仅为1.8%。同一年龄组男童钙和锌水平与女童比较,差异无统计学意义;1~<4岁组和7~15岁组男童铁元素水平高于女童,<1岁组男童铜元素水平高于女童,差异均有统计学意义。结论本院健康体检的0~15岁儿童钙元素水平随年龄增长而降低,铁、锌水平随年龄增长逐渐增高,总体缺铁率和缺锌率高。婴儿期存在钙超标现象,应避免过度进补钙剂。

Objective To investigate concentrations of blood trace elements of zinc （Zn） , iron （ Fe）, and copper （Cu） , and macro element of calcium （Ca） in peripheral blood in healthy children aged of 0 to 15 years. Methods Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry in 1646 children who came to have health examination in the Department of Pediatrics of Peking University Third Hospital. These children were divided into subgroups of 〈 1, 1- 〈4, 4- 〈7 and 7-15 years old. Differences of these elements among age groups and between gender were analyzed. Results Fe and Zn increased but Ca decreased with age. Cu level in 7-5 years age group was significant lower than other groups. Cu concentrations were basically normal and there was no excess of Fe among all the groups. The overall deficiency rate of Fe was 29.7%, with the highest deficiency rate being observed in 〈 1 and 1- 〈4 years old groups, 53.7% and 29. 1% respectively. Deficiency rate of Zn was 13.4%, and it was the highest （22.3%） in 7-15 years old group. The overall excess rate of Ca was 4.2% and it was 9.1% in 〈 1 year old group. Few children （1.8%） were deficient in Ca. There were no differences in Ca and Zn concentrations between males and females within each age group. Fe level in boys was higher than in girls in 1-〈 4 and 7-15 years old groups. Cu level in 〈 1 year old group had similar characteristic. Conclusion The level of Ca decreased gradually with age in 0-15 years old children. However, Fe and Zn gradually increased with age. Fe and Zn deficiency rate was relatively high. The level of Ca was excessive in some infants. So calcium supplementation should be applied with caution.