住院精神病患者自杀行为原因及危机干预

Causes of Hospitalized Psychiatric Patients Suicide Behavior and Crisis Intervention

目的分析住院精神病患者自杀行为的原因,针对性总结防范措施与干预方法。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年1月间我院200例精神病患者自杀行为的原因,制定相关的针对性干预措施,对比针对性危机干预实施前和实施后患者的自杀行为发生率及生活质量评分。结果经调查发现,疾病因素(37例)、个人因素(45例)、家庭因素(63例)、社会因素(32例)、医疗因素(23例)等是引起住院精神病患者自杀行为的主要因素。针对性危机干预实施后患者的自杀行为发生率(5.0%)显著低于实施前(16%);且针对性危机干预实施后患者的生活质量评分(86.13±2.01)显著高于实施前(60.03±1.91)。结论医生与护士要针对精神病患者病史与精神状态进行准确的分析,掌握病人特点,培养对危机行为的预判能力,针对重点患者实施有效的监护措施,尽可能把不良行为的发生概率降至最低。

Objective To analyze of the causes of suicide behavior of hospitalized psychiatric patients and summarize the methods of prevention and intervention. Methods Retrospective analysis on the causes of suicide behavior in 200 psychiatric patients in our hospital from January 2013 to January 2015 was conducted and relevant targeted interventions were made. Compared the incidence rate of suicide behavior and life quality of patients before and after the implementation of these interventions. Result It found that disease factors（37 cases）, individual factors（45 cases）, family factors（63 cases）, social factors（32 cases） and medical factors（23 cases） were main factors that caused suicide behavior among hospitalized psychiatric patients. Suicide rate（5%） after the implementation of interventions was significantly lower than that before（16%）. Life quality score after the implementation of the intervention was（86.13±2.01）, significantly higher than that before（60.03±1.91）. Conclusion Doctors and nurses should have an accurate analysis on the history and mental state of psychiatric patients and master their characteristics. Doctors and nurses should train the pre-judgment ability on crisis behavior and carry out effective monitoring measures for key patients so as to minimize the probability of the occurrence of adverse behaviors as much as possible.