追求大学科研卓越——德国“卓越计划”的实施效果与未来发展

Promoting Research Excellence at Universities:Implementation and Trend of Excellence Initiative in Germany

尽管德国拥有一批历史悠久的中世纪大学,然而在今日鳞次栉比的世界著名大学之林中却难觅其身影。为了打破这一尴尬的局面,德国政府启动"卓越计划",力图打造一支"日耳曼的常春藤",重塑德国大学重要的科研地位与国际声誉。本研究结合"卓越计划"实施前后德国大学科研论文的发表情况、大学竞争文化和机制的转变、高校与校外科研机构间的合作、德国大学在三大世界大学排名中的表现等,探索"卓越计划"推出10年来的实施效果,展望"卓越计划"未来的发展趋势与面临的挑战。

Though having a group of medieval universities, Germany has not achieved an equivalent reputation of its universities in the world nowadays. In order to improve the current situation, German government launched the Excellence Initiative, aiming at building a ＂German Ivy League＂ and rebuilding its international research and academic reputation. This paper explores the effects of Excellence Initiative by comparing the number of research papers on German universities, the competing culture among German universities, the cooperation between universities and non-university research institutions, as well as the performances of German universities in the world university rankings, before and after its implementation. The paper finally previews the trend and potential challenges of the Excellence Initiative in the future.