青藏高原及毗邻区植物多样性演化与维持机制:进展及展望

Evolution and maintenance mechanisms of plant diversity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent regions: retrospect and prospect

生物多样性演化和维持受遗传和环境的共同影响。环境要素中,地质和气候的影响最大。地质和气候过程对青藏高原及毗邻区植物多样性的演化和维持的影响尤为强烈。本文从不同时空尺度综述了青藏高原隆升、亚洲季风气候演变、冰期旋回的气候波动及偶联的环境变化对青藏高原及毗邻区植物多样性起源、演化、群体动态及维持机制的影响。总结了当前植物多样化和物种分布格局变迁和维持研究的最新进展和存在的不足,展望了气候变化对植物遗传多样性的影响、杂交带及其群体动态和维持机制、植物多样性格局及其成因、季风气候演变对植物多样性维持的影响以及植物群落构建机制等五个值得深入的热点研究方向。

The evolution and maintenance of biodiversity is largely determined by the interaction of genetics and environmental factors. Geological and climatic histories, which played pivotal roles in the evolution and maintenance of plant diversity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau （QTP） and adjacent regions, are the most impor- tant environmental aspects. We review the major effects of QTP environmental changes associated with geo- logical uplift, Asian monsoon evolution, and Pleistocene climatic oscillation on the origin, evolution, popula- tion demography, and maintenance mechanisms of plant diversity in the QTP and adjacent regions across spatiotemporal scales. Furthermore, we summarize the current progress and knowledge gaps on mechanisms of diversification and maintenance of plant diversity, and outline the effect of climate change on plant genetic diversity, hybrid zone dynamics, plant diversity patterns, the effect of Asian Monsoon evolution on plant di- versity maintenance, and mechanisms of community assembly, the five additional future research hotspots.