加利福尼亚红刺参胚胎及幼体发育过程

Studies on embryonic and larval development of red giant sea cucumber (Parastichopus californicus)

为开发加利福尼亚红刺参人工繁育技术,在显微镜下测定加利福尼亚红刺参受精卵、胚胎和幼体大小变化,观察加利福尼亚红刺参从受精卵到稚参的发育过程。结果显示,利用阴干法人工催产,可以顺利促进加利福尼亚红刺参排卵,受精率超过95%。加利福尼亚红刺参胚胎和幼体发育过程包括受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、旋转囊胚、原肠期、小耳状幼体、中耳状幼体、大耳状幼体、樽形幼体和稚参几个阶段。在水温为14°C,盐度为30,pH为8.0条件下,受精卵在10~20 min后陆续出现极体,1 h后开始卵裂,1 d后进入旋转囊胚,2 d后进入原肠期,第4天进入耳状幼体初期;受精卵经历15 d后进入樽形幼体阶段,18 d后变态为稚参。加利福尼亚红刺参耳状幼体最大长度可达1125μm。加利福尼亚红刺参胚胎和幼体发育时间与仿刺参、糙海参等存在差异。

The red giant sea cucumber（Parastichopus californicus） is native to the west coast of North America,and is under quota fishery in the United State of America and Canada. As a result of global over-fishing of sea cucumbers and increasing market demand, it is in urgent need to develop artificial breeding of P. californicus to promote the development of aquaculture. In order to develop artificial breeding of P. californicus, the embryonic and larval development of P. californicus was observed and recorded in the present study, and the size variations of fertilization eggs, embryos and larvae were measured under a microscope. The results showed that the gonad of P. californicus could be ripened by artificial diets, and the spawning of brood stock could be induced by desiccation method, in which the artificial fertilization rate exceeded 95%. The embryonic and larval development of P. californicus can be divided into the following stages： fertilization egg, cleavage, blastula, rotary blastula,gastrula, early auricularia, mid auricularia, late auricularia, doliolaria, pentactula, and juvenile. At the water temperature of 14 °C, the salinity of 30 and pH of 8, the polar body occurred in 10 to 20 minutes after fertilization,and the eggs started cleavage in 1 hour, and went into rotating blastula stage in 1 day, and went into gastrula in 2days, and went into early auricularia in 4 days. It took a total of 15 days for fertilization eggs to develop into doliolaria stage, and 18 days to develop into juvenile stage. The auricularia P. californicus reached a maximum body length of 1125.0 μm. This is the first study on embryonic and larval development of P. californicus, which may provide scientific basis for the hatchery rearing, and artificial breeding of red giant sea cucumber.