敏捷高等教育的理论与实践

Theory and Practice of Agile Higher Education

在中国,高等教育大众化的核心是一大批地方本科高校向应用型人才培养的转型。应用型人才培养的最大特点是必须紧贴社会需求,因此高校的专业设置也必须随社会需求的变化而及时调整。当前地方本科高校在转型中遇到的主要困难是专业的僵化和课程体系的封闭,高校学术资源的配置模式与应用型人才培养的需求产生严重冲突。本文把敏捷制造理论和方法引入到地方本科高校的应用型人才培养体系建设,提出一种以虚拟组织方式重组本科专业,以大规模定制方式重构课程体系的新模式,形成敏捷高等教育的基本理论框架和实施路径,并介绍了相关的应用研究成果。研究表明,敏捷高等教育是大众高等教育条件下创新应用型人才培养,促进地方本科高校加快向大众高等教育转型的有效手段。

The essence of higher education popularization in China is that local undergraduate universities devote themselves into cultivating applied talents. The major feature of cultivating applied talents is to keep pace with the needs of society, so that universities＇ disciplines should be adjusted according to the needs. The main difficulties in the transformation of universities are as follows： disciplines are too rigid; the curriculum lacks communication with its surroundings; there lies a conflict between the distribution of academic resources and the needs of cultivating applied talents. The paper puts forward the concept of agile higher education which adopts agile manufacturing theory in the construction of cultivating applied talents of local universities with the help of a virtual organization mode and mass customization. The paper introduces the basic theory structure, implementing paths, and related research results of agile higher education. Researches show that of agile higher education is a useful method for local undergraduate universities to deepen its reform and improve its innovative talents cultivating model under the condition of mass higher education.