从清末翻译看翻译与意识形态的关系

On Relationship Between Translation and Ideology from the Translation in the Late Qing Dynasty

翻译是一种社会行为,受到各种社会因素的制约,其中意识形态对翻译的制约和操控最为明显。清末翻译思想的变化清晰地反映了翻译对意识形态的依附。从翻译的内容上看,清末的翻译大致经历了科技翻译、政治翻译、小说翻译三个阶段。这三个阶段都是在相应的意识形态支配下进行的,科技翻译反映的是科技强国的翻译思想,政治翻译反映的是自上而下进行政治改良的翻译思想,小说翻译则是自下而上唤起民众斗争意识的表现。由此可以看出,清末翻译的每一阶段都是在相应的意识形态支配下进行的,都依附于一定的意识形态。从清末中国翻译思想的变化研究翻译对意识形态的依附,为研究翻译与意识形态关系提供依据,对理解翻译的本质有着重要的意义。

Translation is a social activity,and manipulated by various social factors, of which ideology is the most obvious one.The change of ideology in translation in the late Qing Dynasty clearly reflects the attachment of translation to ideology.In view of the content,translation in the late Qing Dynasty can be generally divided in three stages：translation of science,translation of political works,translation of novels. The three stages went with different ideologies.Translation of science is the reflection of a strong China by science,translation of political works is the reflection of a strong China by political reform and translation of novels is the manifestation of calling for the mass to rise up.Hence every stage of translation in the late Qing Dynasty went under respective ideology and was attached to a certain ideology.The study of change in translation attached to ideology in the late Qing Dynasty provides evidence to the study of the relationship between translation and ideology,and has significance in understanding the essence of translation.