论前苏联的新闻体制与国家管理效能

On the Press System and Management Effectiveness of the Soviet Union

苏联解体以来,中国学术界对苏联新闻界的问题进行了深刻的反思,并得出很多富有启示性的结论。苏联新闻界出现的各种问题,其根源是执政党内部矛盾和斗争的表现,也是苏联经济、政治、民族等各方面问题在新闻界的表现。新闻体制是国家管理体系中的一个重要组成部分,苏联新闻体制的封闭、集权和宣传的特性,使它排斥知识生产和信息流动,这对苏联产生了深远的伤害。对苏联新闻体制的反思能为我国的现代化治理提供某些启发。

Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Chinese academia has carried on deep research and drawn many revelatory conclusions. We can trace the confusion of the press to the power struggle of the Soviet Communist Party, and all the confusion in economy, politics and nationality have also been reflected to the press. The system of the press is one of the important parts of the national management system. The system of the press of Soviet Union features the closedness, centralisation, putting one-sided emphasis on propagandistic function, which makes it reject knowledge production and information flows, thus inflicting more lasting harm to the longterm development and national strategy. Reviewing on the system of press of Soviet Union can bring China profound lessons, which will provide the theoretical reference for China's national governance.