酪氨酸酶转运对黑色素生成影响研究进展

Advance in Effects of Transport of Tyrosinase Family on Melanin Biosynthesis

哺乳动物毛色的形成依赖于黑色素细胞中黑色素数量及分布比例,酪氨酸酶类(TYR/TYRP1)的转运及其活性是黑色素合成的关键。衔接蛋白(AP-1/3)和溶酶体相关细胞器生物合成复合物(BLOC-1,2,3)将TYR/TYRP1从早期核内体转运至黑素小体,若TYR/TYRP1无法转运至黑素小体中,黑色素合成则会受到抑制。ATP7A将铜离子转移到TYR/TYRP1,从而激活TYR/TYRP1活性,ATP7A的减少同样会使黑色素细胞中黑色素合成量减少。关注这些复合物在转运TYR/TYRP1的作用及影响其活性的因素,可以从不同的角度解析黑色素合成机理,以此为基础探索哺乳动物毛色的淡化机制,以期为阐明人类黑色素合成障碍的相关疾病提供理论依据。

The formation of the mammalian coat color is mainly dependent on the melanin synthesis in mela-nocytes. The transport and activities of tyrosine enzymes （T Y R ,TYRP1） are the keys to melanin biosyn-thesis. BLOC-1/2/3 and AP-3 transport TYR and TYRP1 from early endosomes to melanosomes, respec-tively. If TYR / TYRP1 can not be transported to the melanosomes, the melanin biosynthesis will be sup-pressed. ATP7A provides copper into tyrosinase, and can activate tyrosinase, however, ATP7A reduction will also reduce melanin synthesis in melanocytes. Following these compounds in the enzyme activity and factors that influence transport tyrosine from different angles to explore the synthesis of melanin, we can understand the synthesis of melanin in different angles. As a base to explore the mechanism of mammalian coat color dilution,we hope to provide a reference for clarifying human melanin synthesis obstacles related diseases.