不当出生之诉的比较法分析——以中美法院判决为研究视角

A comparative analysis of wrongful birth sues From the perspective of Chinese and American court decisions

不当出生问题的起因往往是产妇到医院进行产前检查,但医院在检查过程中对产妇可能存在的风险未及时告知或未建议进一步检查等,使产妇以为自身孕期状况良好,而后却产下患有先天性疾病、残疾或畸形等问题的缺陷儿。不当出生之诉在英美法系中多以侵权方式处理,在中国的司法实践中存在请求权竞合的问题,产妇或以违约为由起诉医院违反了医疗服务合同的义务,致其丧失了选择终止妊娠的机会;或以侵权为由起诉医院侵犯其知情权和优生优育权。不同的处理模式最终的结果也会有所差异,相应地在权利保护上也会大有不同。

Wrongful birth sues refer to the cases in which a puerpera is not informed of the possible risks or recommended for further examination by the hospital in the former prenatal care （ which may mislead her to believe that she is in good condition） , while later giving birth to a baby with congenital diseases, disability or deformity. In Anglo-American law system, the above cases are often handled with as torts, while in the judicial practice of our country, there is a concurrence of claims ： the puerpera may either sue the hospital for breach of the medical service contract which results in her loss of option to terminate pregnancy,or sue the hospital for infringement of her right to know the information and right of sound child rearing. Obviously, the final outcomes of the two different processing modes are different, hence different corresponding protection of rights.