尼采与中国古代哲学——权力意志与“德”和“道”的领域

Nietzsche and Ancient Chinese Philosophy——Will to Power and the Field of De and Dao

尼采在西方的主要形象是一个伟大的偶像破坏者,他宣称"上帝死了"并且号召重估一切价值。但实际上,在尼采对权力意志的理解中,他主张权力意志是一种自我克服的过程,一个特定的存在者不仅通过克服他人而扩展自身,而且也要克服他自身。在中国古代哲学中,我们可以发现某些为尼采所共有的要素。文章从中国古代思想家尤其是孔子和道家的文本中抽取出一些段落来比较他们的思想姿态,着重讨论的是尼采对权力意志的理解及"德"和"道"的观念。文章的目的在于通过进行比较,彰显出尼采哲学中迄今被忽视的某些倾向。

In the west world,the predominant image of Nietzsche is a great iconoclast who proclaims the death of God and calls for a revaluation of all values. In fact, in understanding the Will to Power, Nietzsche claims that it is a process of self-overcoming - the particular being extends itself by overcoming others,and it also engages in overcoming itself. In ancient Chinese philosophy, we can find some factors shared by Nietzsche. This article extracts some paragraphs from the texts of ancient Chinese thinkers,especially those of Confucius and Daoists, to compare the two stances. It mainly explores Nietzsche＇s understanding of Will to Power and the idea of De and Dao. Through thecomparison,it aims to reveal some tendencies inNietzsche’ sphilosophyhithertoneglected.