尼采对西方科学的文化批判

Nietzsche's Cultural Criticism of Western Science

文章探讨尼采对科学的批判性反思,"科学"指的是德语Wissenschaft一词所包含的更为广泛的意义。无论是在东方还是西方,尼采的著作都被读作一种严厉的批判和各种激动人心的前瞻,这些前瞻关乎现状的改变和另外的可能。文章首先重构了批判在尼采著作中所扮演的角色。批判包括解构、分析和前瞻,三者之间的平衡端赖不同的主题、需要和语境而定。这也适用于尼采的科学哲学,科学在此被看作西方文化最重要的要素之一。因此,尼采对科学的究诘总是位于一个更大的背景当中,此即他对文化、社会和智识价值与制度的分析和批判。其次,文章转向尼采后来为其早期著作《悲剧的诞生》所写的自我批判的前言,他声称,他在这本书中第一次发现了科学问题。这种原创性声称在文章最主要的第三部分得到了分析和辩护。尼采生活在一个"科学的时代",自然科学获得了文化霸权,而历史意识和批判性的自我反思瓦解了此前对绝对真理和确定性的渴念。

This paper investigates Nietzsche’s critical reflections upon science in the broad sense ofthe German word “ Wissenschaft.” Nietzsche’s works were perceived in East and West as acomposition of severe criticism and intriguing prospects of change and alternative. First of all, the paper reconstructs the role of criticism in Nietzsche’s works. Criticism consists of destructive,analytic and prospective aspects, whose balance changes in accordance with different topics, needsand contexts. This also applies to Nietzsche＇s philosophy of science, which is understood as one of the most significant features of Western culture. Nietzsche’ s engagement with science is , therefore, always embedded within broader contexts of his analysis and criticism of cultural, societal andintellectual values and institutions. Secondly, the paper turns to Nietzsche’s later self-critical of his early book-On the Birth o f Tragedy , in which he claims that he appreciated the pscience for the first time. This claim on originality is analyzed and defended in the main third part ofthe paper. Nietzsche lived in an “ Age of Science,” when the natural sciences rose to culturalhegemony while historical consciousness and critical self-reflection undermined earlier aspirations on absolute truth and certainty.