南方农区小麦秸秆与非常规饲料的组合利用

Study of the combined utilization of wheat straw and unconventional feeds in Southern China agriculture region

本研究采用体外产气法,研究南方农区小麦秸秆(WS)与非常规饲料喷浆玉米皮(SCB)、大豆皮(SH)、橘子皮(OP)、苹果渣(AP)分别按0∶100、25∶75、50∶50、75∶25、100∶0比例两两组合后的体外产气特性。将采集的山羊瘤胃液与人工唾液混合并加入饲料样品,在产气瓶中恒温厌氧发酵以模拟瘤胃发酵过程。结果表明,小麦秸秆与4种非常规饲料组合后,理论最大产气量(HM)显著增加,产气速率(B)加快,产气延滞时间(Lag)缩短。WS与SCB组合的乙酸丙酸摩尔比显著低于WS的(P<0.05)。小麦秸秆与4种非常规饲料组合后,实现了饲料间营养素的互补,可有效改善小麦秸秆的发酵能力,WS∶SCB为75∶25、WS∶OP为50∶50、WS∶AP为75∶25、WS∶SH为75∶25时正组合效应最佳。小麦秸秆与喷浆玉米皮组合中随着SCB所占比例的增加丙酸摩尔浓度增加,由于丙酸转化为能量的效率高于乙酸,因此丙酸摩尔浓度增加更有利于提高饲料的转化效率,更适合家畜育肥。

This study was conducted using gas production technique in vitro which mixed the rumen fluid with artifi-cial saliva and keeping the feed sample under constant temperature and anaerobic environment to simulate rumen fer^menta- tion system. In this way,we studied the fermentation characteristics of wheat straw （WS） mixed with spraying corn bran （SCB） ,soybean hulls （SH）,orange peel （OP） and apple pomance （AP） at rations of 0 ： 100 ,25 ： 75,50 ： 50,75 ： 25 and 100：0 in vitro. The results showed that the fermentation parameter HM and B of WS in vitro increased ignificantly and the parameter lag reduced gradually after combining with four unconventional feeds.The A ：P of combination of WS andSCB was lower than WS （P〈0.05）. The combination of WS and unconventional feeds could improve its fermentation ability effectively due to the mixed complementary effects of nutrition. The best combination ratio of WS with other feeds were WS ：SCB（75： 2 5 ） 、WS ：OP （ 50 ： 50 ） 、 WS： AP （75 ： 25 ） 、WS ：SH （75：25 ） in terms of the gas production associated effects value. The ratio of propionic acid of VFA increased significantly with the increase of proportion of SCB in the combination of WS and SCB,because the propionic acid had the higher energy con-version efficiency than acetic acid, so it should be more suitable for fattening livestock to promote its feed efficiency.