“几乎”的句法和语义特点

On the Syntactic and Semantic Features of “ jīhū（几乎） ”

本文在大量语料考察的基础上,发现“几乎”既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于否定句.肯定句中多用在动补结构前,也可以用在状中结构、动宾结构和主语前;否定句中多用于“不/没（有）＋动词”前,也常用在“动词＋不＋补语”和主语前.“几乎”的参照点具有极端性,多为结果,也可以是某种情况、数量、性质、事物等,而且要放在“几乎”的右侧.

On thebasisof corpus,thispaper findsout that “jīhū （几乎）” canbe used in affirmative sentence and negative sentence. It can also be used before verb-complement structure, endocentric structure, verb-object structureand subject of affirmative sentence,and it is used before the “ not＋ verb” ,“ verb ＋ not ＋ complement” structure and the subject of negative sentence. It points out that reference points of “jīhū （几乎）”are extreme, and they are mostly a result, and they can be a situation, the number,nature and other thing,and they must be put on the right of “jīhū （几乎）” in the sentence.