区域贸易协定争端解决机制的中国困境与出路

China's Dilemma and Future of Regional Trade Agreement Dispute Settlement Mechanism

中国参与构建的区域贸易协定争端解决机制在实践过程中遭遇到不同程度的实践困境。要破解上述困境,应在现有制度框架上进行制度优化。制度优化包括应取决于实践需要、应关注已有实践以及应兼顾一般与特殊三个基本原则。在路径选择方面,混合模式的区域贸易协定争端解决机制应根据不同类型有所侧重。中国-东盟自贸区争端解决机制可关注调解程序;南-南型区域贸易协定争端解决机制可增加单独的争端解决机制,促进仲裁规则的多元化;南-北型区域贸易协定争端解决机制应以构建制度化水平较高的争端解决机制作为最终目标。政治模式的区域贸易协定争端解决机制应注重磋商程序,增加单独机制并建立合理的仲裁程序。

China's regional trade agreement dispute settlement mechanism has encountered different levels of dilemma in the process of practice. In order to resolve the dilemma,three basic principles should be considered that the institutional optimization shall depend on the practical needs; it should be focused on the local practice and balanced with the generality and the particularity. In terms of the path optimization,the dispute settlement mechanism of the mixed mode of regional trade agreements should be emphasized according to the different types,dispute settlement mechanism of the China-asean Free Trade Area can be concerned with the mediation program,the south-south regional trade agreement dispute settlement mechanism can be added to the individual dispute settlement mechanism so as to promote the diversity of the arbitration rules,while the south-north one should be built for the higher levels of dispute settlement mechanism with institutionalization.Dispute settlement mechanism of the political model of regional trade agreement should be focused on the consultation process,and the individual mechanism should be added and the reasonable arbitration procedure established.