DNA条形码技术在主要观赏鱼物种鉴定中的应用分析

Application analysis of DNA barcoding technology in the identification of main ornamental fish species

通过检索BOLD SYSTEMS数据库和Gen Bank中锦鲤、金鱼、慈鲷、神仙鱼、七彩神仙鱼、血鹦鹉、花罗汉、龙鱼、孔雀鱼、鼠鱼、魟鱼等主要观赏鱼的DNA条形码和基因序列,应用MEGA软件计算种间遗传距离,在BOLD SYSTEMS数据库中检索相似序列,以分析DNA条形码在主要观赏鱼物种鉴定中的应用效果。结果表明该技术可以有效鉴别大多数种以上阶元的观赏鱼类,但对亲缘关系较近、种类繁多的多种慈鲷、孔雀鱼等观赏鱼物种难以获得准确的鉴定结果,对金龙、红龙等亚洲龙鱼的亚种以及人工繁育的不同品系的锦鲤、金鱼、神仙鱼、七彩神仙鱼、血鹦鹉、花罗汉等鱼类,无法通过COI基因条形码进行鉴别,需要研究其他分子生物学方法。

In recent years,the international trade in ornamental fishes has grown rapidly.The traditional identification methods based mainly on fish morphology,color and pattern characteristics was difficult to identify fish species because these characteristics were easily affected by age,environment,culture conditions and other factors in many fishes,especially the eggs and larvae that had the similar morphological characteristics and the large number of species involved.DNA barcoding,the analysis of sequence diversity in a standardized gene region,has gained considerable validation as a tool for species identification and discovery.In this report,the DNA barcoding and gene sequence of koi,goldfish,cichlids,angelfish,discus,blood parrot cichlid,flower horn,dragon fish,bellyfish,ratfish,stingray fish and other ornamental fishes had been retrieved in Gen Bank and BOLD SYSTEMS database.The interspecific genetic distance had been calculated by using MEGA software and the similar sequences had been searched in BOLD SYSTEMS to study the application of DNA barcode to identify the main ornamental fish species.The results showed that this technology could effectively identify the most ornamental fish species,but it was difficult to obtain accurate identification on a wide variety of cichlid and guppies which had closer genetic relationship.The golden arowana,red arowana which belong to the subspecies of Asian arowana,and the artificial breeding fishes such as different strains of koi,goldfish,fairy fish,discus,blood parrot and flower horn also could not be identified through the COI barcoding.It is necessarily to study other molecular methods.