美国全球战略调适及其对华政策——基于奥巴马主义与尼克松主义的比较分析

The United States' Global Strategic Adjustment and Its Policy towards China——Based on the comparative analysis of Obama Doctrine and Nixon Doctrine

奥巴马时期的美国对外战略呈现局部收缩与全球再平衡的特点。在美国全球战略收缩或者说是战略克制的背景下,奥巴马与尼克松都对美国全球战略进行调整,力图使军事利益重心与经济利益重心重合。与尼克松对华缓和关系不同的是,奥巴马注重对华"软遏制",重视利用"国际规则"施压以维护美国的制度霸权、制约中国的崛起环境以谋求本国的经济利益。特朗普当选后美国的全球战略势必会发生新的调整,从而对中美关系产生影响。对此,中国要统筹好两个大局、加强与美国新政府的战略沟通,引导中美大国关系稳定运行。

The United States’ foreign strategy in Obama administration presents the characteristics of local contraction and global rebalancing. In the context of the United States’ global strategy contraction or strategic restraint,both Obama and Nixon have adjusted the global strategy of the United States, trying to make the gravity of military interests coincide with that of economic inter-ests. China plays an important role in the global strategy of the United States,different with easing the relationship with China in Nixon administration,Obama puts emphasis on the element of “soft containment”,and exploits the “international rules” to maintain the United States’ hegemony and shapes China’s rising environment in order to seek the economic interests for the United States. Therefore,the change of American policy towards China originates from the adjustment of its global strategy.