道德概念垂直空间隐喻理解中的映射:双向性及不平衡性

The mapping for vertical spatial metaphor of the moral concepts:Bidirectional and unbalanced

通过4个实验考察道德概念垂直空间隐喻理解中的映射机制和特征。实验1采用空间Stroop范式,发现被试判断完道德词后,对判断随后呈现在屏幕上方或下方字母的反应时的差异不显著,没有发现词汇类型对空间位置的影响。实验2采用有意识迫选法,要求被试出声读出屏幕中央的道德词后,对屏幕上方或下方的希腊语非词进行二择一迫选,发现被试读出道德词后倾向于选择屏幕上方的非词,读出不道德词后倾向于选择屏幕下方的非词。实验3仍采用Stroop范式,发现被试做出空间"上"的判断后,对随后道德词的词义判断反应时显著快于不道德词,做出空间"下"的判断后,对不道德词的反应时显著快于道德词。实验4探讨空间位置是否会对判断人物的道德性产生影响,结果发现被试倾向于认为屏幕上方的人物是道德的,而屏幕下方的人物是不道德的。4个实验的结果表明,在道德概念垂直空间隐喻的理解中,映射的方式是灵活的、双向的,既可以由始源域向目标域映射,也可以由目标域向始源域映射,但两个方向上的映射力量是不平衡的。

Four studies investigated the mapping mechanism and concepts. its characteristics of the vertical spatial metaphor of moral Adopting the Stroop Paradigm, study 1 found that there was no significant difference in the participants＇ reaction time to the letter presented at the top or bottom of the screen after they finished the judgments of moral words. No effect of word types was found for spatial location. Study 2 was a consciously forced-choice task. The participants were first asked to read out the （im）moral words appearing at the center of the screen, then to select the Greek nonsense words presented at the top or bottom of the screen. Study 2 showed： the participants tended to select the Greek nonsense words presented at the top of the screen after reading out the moral words; when they read the words with immoral senses, they preferred to select the nonsense words presented at the bottom of the screen. Study 3 also used the Stroop Paradigm, which showed that after the space judgment of ＂上＂ （shang, up）, the participants＇ reaction time to judgment of the subsequent moral words was significantly shorter than the immoral ones. The reaction time to the immoral words was significantly shorter than the moral words when the required task of judgment changed into ＂下＂ （xia, down）. Study 4 tested the impact of spatial location on the judgment of human morality. The result showed that the participants were more inclined to think the pictures showing at the top of the screen moral and the ones at the bottom immoral. The results of the four studies suggest that the mapping mode of vertical space metaphor of moral concepts is flexible and bidirectional： it may map from the source domain to the target domain, or in a reverse order. However, the mapping power of the two directions is not balanced. The metaphor connection between moral concepts and vertical space positions may be caused by the combination of morality and valence.