北方中蜂越冬失败的原因解析

Analysis the Causes on the Failure to Overwinter of Apis cerana cerana in Northern China

北方中蜂越冬一直是困扰养蜂的一大难题,越冬失败的主要原因是多方面的,有秋季蜂王丢失或损伤、取蜜过晚、蜂群群势较弱、保温不当、蜂种不适、带病越冬、饲喂不当或饲喂过晚、越冬饲料不足、秋季发生盗蜂、忽视巢门的调控、暖冬或极寒等因素。而要想蜂群安全越冬就要加强蜂群的秋季管理如更新蜂王,培育适龄越冬蜂适时取蜜,防止盗蜂和胡蜂危害,保证蜂群健康,正确合理饲喂。并采取饲养当地蜂种,保持合理群势,选择合适的越冬场所,合理保温,适时调节巢门等措施。

Overwinter of Chinese honey bee is always a huge barrier for the beekeeping in Northern China. There are many reasons for that, including injured or lost queen, lately extracting honey, weak populations, thermal insulation improperly, poor bee species, overwinter bees with diseases, uncorrected breeding, insufficient feed for overwinter, happening to robber bees in autumn, adjust omitting nest door warmer winter and extreme cold, etc. It has to strengthen the management in autumn if we would like to make honey bee colony safely to overwinter, such as change new queen, breeding the proper aging overwinter worker bees for extracting honey, preventing robbing bee, interfering by wasp, ensuring the honey bee colony health, correcting to feed. And it also should take some measures, like breeding the local species, keeping the population proper, selecting an appropriate site for overwinter, properly keep the heat of hive and adjust nest door timely, etc.