畜禽养殖业生态补偿的研究——以山东省烟台市为例

Research on Ecological Compensation of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Industry: A Case Study of Yantai, Shandong Province

从COD和氨氮的排放量判断,畜禽养殖业已经成为我国重要的水体环境污染源;但畜禽废弃物可再利用的资源经济属性,决定着其处理方式有别于工业污染源。文章首先界定畜禽养殖业生态补偿的内涵和提出这一问题的背景;其次,以烟台市畜禽养殖业实地调查为基础,按照政府手段和市场手段的逻辑,分析畜禽养殖业生态补偿的做法与挑战,具体是:(1)烟台市的政府手段为:畜禽养殖场生态拆迁的补偿和畜禽废弃物处理和资源化机制创新的补贴;(2)烟台市的市场手段通过大型养殖企业而实现,包括工艺之间的补偿、产品之间的补偿和车间(养殖场与处理厂)之间的补偿;最后,针对烟台案例,提出完善畜禽养殖业废弃物资源化的生态补偿的政策建议。

Based on the emission amount of COD and ammonia nitrogen, the livestock and poultry breeding industry has become a major water pollution source in China. Yet the reusable nature of the livestock and poultry waste determines that the treatments will differ from those from industrial sources of pollution. Firstly, this paper defines the content of ecological compensation of livestock and poultry breeding industry and the background of the issue. Secondly, based on the field survey of livestock and poultry breeding industry in Yantai, this paper analyzes the practices and challenges of ecological compensation of livestock and poultry breeding industry, by the logic of government tools and market tools. Specifically, （1） The municipal government tools of Yantai is： compensation of livestock and poultry farms rcallocation and subsidies for innovative mechanism of transforming livestock and poultry waste to resource; （2） The market tools of Yantai is realized by large- scale breeding enterprise, which include compensation among processes, compensation among products and compensation among workshops （farms and treatment plants）. Finally, this paper provides policy suggestions for perfecting the ecological compensation of transforming livestock and poultry breeding industry waste to resource, which is specific to the case of Yantai.