制度的周期:乡镇授权型组织结构变革——基于乡镇党委与乡镇长公推直选实验的比较分析

Institutional Cycle:Transformation of Authorized Organization Structure in Villages and Towns——A Comparative Analysis of Directly-elected Experiment Based on Township Party Committee and Township

授权型组织结构是基层民主选举的一种新模式。随着乡镇公推直选的逐步推进,从公推直选乡镇长发展到公推直选乡镇党委书记及其领导班子,乡镇授权型组织结构中的权力、人员关系、规则等结构性要素在持续互动的过程中也遵循着一种制度变迁的周期规律,这种规律主导着乡镇授权型组织结构的变革活动。这种由外生力量驱动而成的组织结构形式,受到实际条件(经济因素)、选举行为者(社会因素)、制度供给(政治因素)的综合影响。以乡镇公推直选主体行动者作为划分依据,运用三组多案例的比较分析方法,将公推直选下的乡镇授权型组织结构概括为党员授权、群众授权、混合授权三大类实践模式,根据案例和文献资料归纳分析出一种乡镇授权型组织结构变革的生命周期理论模型,为乡镇组织结构变革研究提供一种新思路。

Authorized organizational structure is a new model of grassroots democratic elections. With the gradual promotion of the direct election of townships and towns, from the direct election of elected township chiefs to the direct election of township Party committee secretaries and their leading bodies, the structural elements of power, personnel relations and rules in the authorized organization structure of villages and towns follow a periodic law of institutional change, which dominates the reform activities of the authorized organizational structure of the township. This form of organizational structure, driven by exogenous forces, is influenced by the combination of real conditions(economic factors), electoral actors(social factors), institutional supply(political factors). This paper adopts the comparative analysis method of three groups of multi-cases, and generalizes the authorized organization structure of the township under the direct election into three types of practice modes : party authorization,mass authorization and mixed authorization. This paper gives a new life cycle theory model for the change of the authorized organization structure of villages and towns according to the case and the literature data, and provides a new way for the research of the township organization structure change.