聚变堆安全特性评价研究

Assessment on Safety Characteristics of Fusion Nuclear Reactor

确保核安全是未来聚变堆设计、建造和运行过程中必须坚持的最高原则,是聚变堆获得建造和运行许可的前提条件,也是聚变能得以吸引公众的主要理由之一。聚变堆具有高能中子、大量放射性氚、复杂结构、极端服役环境等特点,具有独特的潜在安全问题,因而必须开展针对性研究。本文将从聚变中子与放射性源项、热流体与能量传输、氚安全与环境影响、可靠性与风险管理、安全理念与公众接受度五个方面分别总结其安全特性,系统梳理其关键技术挑战,为建立聚变安全评价体系提供技术支持,进而服务于未来聚变堆的设计与建造。

Safety technology is well recognized as one of the key technologies for the realization of fusion energy,and ensuring safety is always the fundamental principle in the fusion reactor design,construction and operation,as well as the key factor influencing the public opinion on the fusion energy.Furthermore,the fusion reactor has its specific safety concerns considering technical characteristics of high energy neutron,large amount of radioactive tritium inventory,complex reactor components,extremely harsh environment,etc.Therefore,it is essential to conduct the specific research on fusion safety.The aim of this paper is to investigate fusion safety characteristics regarding neutron and radioactive source terms,thermo-fluid and energy transport,tritium safety and environmental impact,reliability growth and risk management,safety regulatory and public acceptance of fusion power,and meanwhile present the key challenges in these research areas.This contribution will lay the technical foundation to the development of fusion-specific safety assessment methodology,and then the design and construction of future fusion reactor.