我国优秀男子50km竞走运动员竞走技术的运动学分析

Kinematic analysis of 50 km walking race techniques of China's elite male athletes

运用文献资料、访谈和影片拍摄等方法,对2016年奥运会选拔赛男子50 km竞走决赛前4名运动员的一个复步动作进行技术分析。研究结果表明,4名运动员两个单步的步长较为一致,技术风格应向"大步低频"的方向转变;支撑腿在着地瞬间和垂直支撑瞬间,膝关节角度与世界高水平运动员差异不大,在离地瞬间也能够保持很好蹬伸状态,单腿支撑的时间与世界高水平运动员也十分接近;与世界级高水平运动员相比,4名运动员的着地角差别不大,但在蹬地角方面差距明显,大小臂夹角和大腿夹角也需要改善;此外,4名运动员肘关节和膝关节的移动速度比世界级优秀运动员略快,应在今后的训练中对步长进行合理改善。

With methods of documentation, interview and video observation, this paper conducts an analysis on the walking techniques of the top four athletes in the 50 km Walking Race Finals of 2016 Olympic Trail. The study indicates the following four aspects ： first, the step size of the four athletes is comparatively identical and the technical style should be shifted into ＂ long step with low frequency＂. Second, compared with world-class race walkers, the four athletes share the same knee joint angle when the supporting leg vertically stands on the ground, keep outstanding extending state and excellent single leg supporting time. Third, the four athletes share the same landing angel with world-class race walkers, but they need improvements towards the extending angle, thigh angle and upper arm and fore arm angle. Last, the moving speed of the elbow joints and knee joints of the four athletes is slightly faster than that of world class race walkers, therefore, reasonable adjustment of step size should be made in future training.