清初文人戏剧创作的特征与新变

Characteristics and New Changes of Literary Drama in the Early Qing Dynasty

清初,戏班、家班林立,各种唱腔轮番更迭,戏剧舞台一派繁荣。在此背景下,文人戏剧创作群体日益壮大,呈现出繁荣局面。其中以吴伟业为代表的文人戏剧作品抒情倾向比较重,是对戏剧不自觉的雅化;以李玉为代表的苏州派文人努力靠近市井价值取向,李渔的作品则强调戏剧的市场消费特征,以娱乐为第一写作要则。这三种截然不同风格的戏剧作品形成了清初文人戏剧创作的格局。他们的戏剧作品较以往文人剧又出现了一些新的变化:如短篇戏剧创作的倾向、戏剧创作的情绪化、案头化倾向,这些都是文人戏剧创作向世俗大众靠近的表现,同时也体现了文人以雅化俗的努力。

In the early Qing Dynasty, there were a lot of folk troupes, class, all singing replacement soon, the stage is thriving. In this ease, the literati drama group was growing gradually, developing prosperously. Literati dramas writeen by scholars like Wu Weiye, a representative of the time, are relatively more lyric and elegant. Those by Suzhou scholars like Li Yu depict the value of ordinary people. The works of Li Yu, another scholar pronounced in second tone in Chinese, emphasizes the market character of drama, entertainment as the first writing principles. These three different styles of dramatic works formed the pattern of the early Qing dynasty literati drama creation. Their dramatic works display some new changes compared with the literary dramas before, for example, the tendency of short drama creation, emotion of drama creation, Read the text （made） tendency etc. These are all manifestations of the creation of the drama close to the common people of the world, and also reflects the literati in elegant vulgar efforts.