论我国建构南海船舶交通服务区制度的必要性与可行性——以加拿大为鉴

On Necessity and Feasibility of Constructing South China Sea Vessel Traffic Service Zone System

在南海仲裁案的裁决结果中,仲裁庭否定了中国历史性权利的主张,也否定了"九段线"的法律效力。该裁决存在诸多法理上的谬误。裁决否定历史性权利对中国的不利影响在于,其否定了历史性权利下丰富的权利类型;南海争端当事国可能会利用仲裁庭否定历史性权利谋求不当利益;部分域外国家可能利用非法的裁决谋求私利。加拿大对北极西北航道水域有"历史性水域"的主张,该主张是历史性权利的一种,加拿大通过建构北极船舶交通服务区制度宣示和强化了其海洋主张。在后南海仲裁案时代,我国借鉴加拿大船舶交通服务制度具有充分的必要性和可行性,我国需要批判性地借鉴加拿大北极船舶交通服务区制度,以维护我国在南海的"历史性权利"。

In the Award of South China Sea Arbitration, 12 July 2016, the Arbitral Tribunal denied the validity of China＇s maritime claim of historic rights in the ＂Nine--Dash--Line＂. Though there are many legal defects in the award, China has to face negative influence of the award. The negative influence of the award includes, this illegal award denied China＇s historic rights, other South China Sea claiming parties may use this illegal award to claim their unjust rights, some countries outside South China Sea may use this award to ask China abide by the illegal award. Canada views Northwest Passage as its ＂Historic Waters＂, a kind of historic rights. Through promulgation of Northern Canada Vessel Traffic Services Zone, Canada amplifies its maritime claims. It is necessary and feasible for China to learn Canada＇s experience of how to protect historic rights. China needs to learn some lessons from Northern Canada Vessel Traffic Services Zone Regulations, in order to protect historic rights in the South China Sea.