上海居民不同季节能量及产能营养素摄入变化分析

TRENDS OF CHANGES IN ENERGY, PROTEIN, FAT AND CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE OF SHANGHAI RESIDENTS IN DIFFERENT SEASONS

目的了解上海居民不同地区能量及产能营养素摄入情况及随季节不同的变化状况,为分类进行营养干预提供科学依据。方法采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法,抽取全市1944名15岁以上居民作为监测对象,进行一般情况调查和四季的3 d 24 h膳食询问调查。结果共调查6367人次,上海市15岁以上居民全年平均能量摄入量为8 571.8k J,蛋白质82.4g,脂肪86.0g和碳水化合物241.0g。四季的能量、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),夏季能量摄入量最低。全年平均能量、蛋白质和碳水化合物摄入量为城市中心地区>城郊结合地区>远郊地区,脂肪的摄入量市中心地区高于其他两类地区(P<0.05)。全市平均蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物供能比为15.9%,38.0%和47.0%。全市平均蛋白质食物来源谷类、豆类、动物性食物和其他食物的比例为22.9%,7.9%49.5%和19.7%。结论未来上海地区营养干预需集中在以下三个方面,降低人群健康风险:夏季能量摄入量最低,存在缺乏的可能性;远郊地区居民存在摄入不足的风险较高;产能营养素供能构成比不合理,脂肪供能比过高。

Objective To estimate the intakes of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate in different seasons and areas of Shanghai, which will provide a scientific basis for classified nutritional intervention.Methods 1944 residents aged 15 and above were randomly selected by multi-stage stratified random sampling. General survey and 3 days 24 hours dietary recall survey of four seasons were performed.Results A total of 6,367 person-time were surveyed. The annual average intakes of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate among Shanghai residents aged 15 and above were 8571.8 kJ, 82.4 g, 86.0 g and 241.0 g, respectively. The difference of energy, fat and carbohydrate intake by seasons was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The lowest energy intake was in summer. The annual average intake of energy, protein and carbohydrate of city center was greater than that of suburb, and suburb was greater than exurb. The fat intake of city center was greater than that of the other two areas （P〈0.05）. The average of constituent ratio of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate in total energy was 15.9%, 38.0% and 47.0%. The contributing percentage of protein from grains, beans, animal products and others was 22.9%, 7.9%, 49.5% and 19.7%, respectively.Conclusion Nutritional interventions need to focus on the following three aspects to reduce health risks in future for Shanghai residents： the lowest energy intake is in summer, which has the risk of energy deficiency; exurb residents have a higher risk of inadequate intake; contributing percentages of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate to total energy are unreasonable, and the fat intake is too high.