轴心期的结果及文明之分化

The Result of Axis Period and Differentiation of Civilization

德国哲学家雅斯贝斯在其轴心期理论中高度评价了轴心期的结果。一方面,这一评价揭示了轴心期成果对于人类文明的重大意义,毫无疑问,这一如其轴心期理论中的其他内容,非常重要;但另一方面,雅斯贝斯的论述仍显得有些粗疏,并且有些看法或结论也显得矛盾、荒谬。由此,很有必要对轴心期的结果包括之后人类文明的分化再作审视。但这种审视需要跳出雅斯贝斯的思路或视野,如结合马克斯·韦伯与张光直对于文明范式或形态问题的思考。本文的考察和讨论具体包括五个方面:一、雅斯贝斯论轴心期的一般成果及意义;二、雅斯贝斯的"突破":精神突破;三、马克斯·韦伯与张光直的"突破":范式突破;四、马克斯·韦伯与张光直:"连续"或传统的形态;五、轴心期之后文明的分化及其进程。

The German philosopher Jaspers reveals the significance of the results of the axis to the human civilization, but at the same time his point or conclusion seems to be contradictory or ridiculous, so it is needed to be examined. This paper covers five aspects. First, the general results and significance of Jaspers＂ axial period ; second, Jaspers＂ spiritual breakthrough ; third, Max Weber and Zhang Guang - zhi＇s breakthrough ; fourth, continuous and traditional forms by Max Weber and Zhang Guang - zhi ; fifth, the differentiation and process of civilization after the axial period.