论文学经典的后天生成机制

The Generation Mechanism of Literary Classics

文学经典是文学中最具价值的部分,它除了经由作者的创作得以问世,还需要批评家、文学史专家的评述、推荐,在经过一番认定之后才得以跻身文学殿堂。我们可以把作者创作的成果看成是文学经典的先天条件,而经由批评家等方面的认定则是文学经典的后天生成。这种后天生成有着一套机制,本文从三方面加以分析:首先,分析文学的父姓传统,表面看,经典作品是作者的创造,而其实是批评家等后来的工作所决定的。其次,分析文学经典后天生成的三维,即文学史定位、文学批评阐释和环绕着经典作品的文学语境,它们共同构成了某一作品是否值得推崇为文学经典的条件。再者,关于文学经典机制的思考。文学经典后天形成的过程,需要批评家等因素发挥作用,此外,还有超越个人的客观因素的参与,新的社会的、文化的甚至是技术方面的变革,都可能对经典机制产生影响。

If one book is made to be a classic one, it must have author, critic or reviewer and expert of literary history. First, it seems that classic is created by the author, but in fact classic is decided by critics and others. Second, classic needs three dimensions of position in literary history, literary criticism and interpretation and literary context about the classic. Third, in addition to the critics, the process of literary classic needs some objective factors beyond persons, such as society, culture, and even technological innovation. All of these may produce influence to the generation mechanism of literary classics