溃疡性结肠炎首次拟行粪微生态移植术患者的健康需求

Analysis of Health Education Demands of Inpatients with Ulcerative Colitis before First Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

目的了解首次拟行粪微生态移植术（fecal microbiota transplantation,FMT）的溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerative colitis,UC）住院患者对健康教育的需求,以便采用更合理的教育方式。方法 2015年5月至2016年10月,便利抽样法选取在解放军总医院消化内科首次拟行FMT的UC住院患者62例为研究对象,采用自行设计问卷对其进行疾病相关知识的认知状况和健康教育需求调查。结果本组患者对疾病相关知识普遍缺乏了解,72.58%~80.64%的患者对药物治疗、饮食治疗、诱因、并发症不了解,87.10%~96.77%的患者对治疗的不良反应、术后注意事项及治疗效果不了解。91.94%~100.00%的患者强烈需求用药常识、饮食护理、心理指导、FMT不良反应、FMT术后注意事项及FMT的效果等方面的健康教育;82.26%~87.10%的患者强烈需求出院指导、FMT的目的等方面的健康教育。患者选择最多的健康教育方式是床旁个体指导,共54例,占87.10%;而患者对健康教育实施者的选择显示,选择医护合作的53例,占85.48%。结论根据首次拟行FMT的UC患者对相关知识的认知和健康教育需求的情况,给予针对性的健康教育,可确保健康教育工作获得最佳效果。

Objective To understand health education demands of inpatients with ulcerative colitis （UC） before first treatment of fecal microbiota transplantation （FMT） and to offer a more reasonable way of education to meet patients＇ needs.Methods By convenience sampling,62 cases were selected and the diseaserelated knowledge and health education demands were investigated by using a self-designed questionnaire. Results There were 72.58% to 80.64% displayed insufficient knowledge about drug therapy,diet therapy, inducement and complications.87.10% to 96.77% of the patients were not familiar with the adverse reaction of the treatment,attentions after surgery and treatment effects. 91.94% to 100.00% of the patients showed strong demands for medication knowledge, diet care, psychological guidance, FMT adverse reaction,attentions after FMT surgery, and FMT effects.82.26% to 87.10% of patients presented strong demands for guidance after discharge and aims of FMT.Patients were more likely to choose bedside individual guidance,which was 54 cases （87.10%） ,and 53 cases choose doctor-nurse cooperation,which accounted for 85.48%.Conclusions It is necessary to provide targeted health education for patients with ulcerative colitis before the first treatment of FMT,thus to ensure the best effects in health education.