护理学位论文现象学研究方法中访谈提纲设计方法的内容分析

Content Analysis of the Development of Interview Script in Nursing Dissertations

目的对我国护理学专业研究生学位论文的现象学研究中访谈提纲设计方法进行定量内容分析,以期为现象学研究中访谈提纲的设计提供方法学上的参考。方法检索万方中文学位论文数据库中护理专业现象学研究类的学位论文,经筛选最终纳入108篇,采用内容分析法依据自行设计的编码表对论文中所采用的质性访谈提纲设计方法进行内容分析。结果现有研究成果的回顾(75.9%)和专业人员的指导(30.6%)是初拟访谈提纲的主要来源;预访谈(47.2%)是修订访谈提纲的主要方法,专业人员指导(37.0%)也是修订访谈提纲阶段较常采用的方法。结论建议质性研究者在现有文献回顾的基础上形成访谈提纲初稿,经预访谈修订访谈提纲,而专业人员的指导可适用于整个访谈提纲的设计过程中;现有质性研究相关的文献质量评价标准中缺少访谈提纲设计方法学层面的评价条目,建议今后在现象学研究的设计中加强对访谈提纲设计方法的规范和评价。

Objective To provide methodology suggestions for development of interview script in phenomenological research according to content analysis of nursing dissertations,in order to provide referece to the design of interview script in phenomenological research.Methods Nursing dissertations using phenomenological approaches were searched in Wanfang China Dissertation Database（CDDB）and 108 papers were included to be analyzed what methods the researchers used to develop the interview script using self-developed encoding system.Results Literature review of previous studies was the predominant source of interview questions（75.9%）and suggestions from the professional staff was the second（30.6%）when drafting the interview script.Preliminary interviews（47.2%）and professionals＇ suggestions（37.0%）were popularly used to revise the draft of interview script.Conclusions It is suggested that phenomenological researchers should develop the interview script basing on the literature review of previous studies and discussion with professionals and revise it after preliminary interviews.Since there is limitation about quality evaluation of interview script development in current evaluation criteria for qualitative research,more detailed evaluation criteria are needed to be developed to improve the quality requirement of research instruments in phenomenological studies.