2015年农地确权、土地流转与农地投资的调查报告

A 2015 Annual Survey Report on The Verification of Rural Land-use Right, Rural Land-use Right Transfers and Investment in Farmland

基于林肯土地中心的委托,南京大学农村土地调查小组开展了2015年度农村土地调查项目。本调查采用村庄问卷和入户问卷相结合的形式,共收回22个村218户有效问卷,其中确权村占调查村的一半。我们发现：（1）确权导致农户的土地出租率上升15%~28%,出租面积上升0.45~0.73亩,且统计显著,因此确权有助于农村农用地的流转。（2）确权能够提高土地资源的内在价值。与非确权村相比,确权村农户的土地租金率显著高出约40%~50%。（3）确权对农地投资具有很大影响,能够促进农户对农业生产性固定资产和有机肥料的使用。但是我们同时也发现,某些地区在土地权属边界并没有清晰厘定的情况下就匆忙确权,从而可能为未来的土地流转埋下纷争隐患。其次,我们发现流转出去的土地,尤其是在新型农业经营主体中产生了明显的＂去粮化＂和＂非农化＂的倾向,这一点值得我们关注和警惕。

Our team launched a Chinese rural land survey project in 2015. In the survey, 218 valid questionnaires, including the village questionnaire and the household questionnaire, were collected from 22 villages, half of which had finished the verification of rural land-use right. We found that： （1） the verification of rural land-use right led that the leasing rate of the farmland increased from 15% to 28%, rented area increased from 0. 45 acres to 0.73 acres, which is statistically significant, so the verification of rural land-use right is helpful for rural land-use right transfers. （2） the verification of rural land-use right improved the value of farmland. Compared with villages without the verification of rural land-use right, the land rent in villages finishing the verification of rural land-use right is significantly higher than 40- 50%. （3） the verification of rural land-use right has a great impact on investment in Farmland. It can promote agricultural fixed investment and the use of organic fertilizers. Meanwhile we also found some problems. Firstly, in some areas where the land ownership boundary was not clearly defined, the verification of rural land-use right finished hastily, which may be harmful to the future＇s rural land-use right transfers. Secondly, we found that the land which flowed out, especially management subjects, had in the new agricultural the tendency of ＂ degrainification＂ and ＂non-agrieulturalization＂, which we should pay attention to.