不同成熟度的寄主果实对梨小食心虫生长发育及繁殖的影响

Effect of host fruit maturity on the development and reproduction of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta(Busck)

[目的]为探索不同成熟度的苹果、桃、梨果实对梨小食心虫Grapholitha molesta生长发育和繁殖的影响。[方法]在寄主果实不同发育阶段采果,并在室温(26±0.5)℃,L:D=15:9,RH=70%±10%条件下,测定了梨小食心虫在不同成熟度的桃、梨、苹果果实上的发育历期、存活率和繁殖力,并组建了其生命表。[结果]梨小食心虫在不同成熟度的苹果、桃、梨果实上的生长和繁殖有显著差异。幼虫发育历期在幼果期的寄主果实上无显著性差异,果实膨大期和成熟期以桃最短(10.44 d,9.42 d)。总存活率在幼果期和膨大前期、膨大后期为苹果最高(3.47%,13.04%,25.35%),果实成熟期为梨最高(39.70%)。单雌产卵量在幼果期和果实膨大前期为苹果最高(138.33粒/雌,145.33粒/雌),果实膨大后期为桃最高(151.90粒/雌),成熟期为梨最高(182.12粒/雌)。生命表分析结果表明,净生殖率幼果期为苹果最高(8.60),果实膨大期为桃最高(19.42),果实成熟期为梨最高(47.44)。内禀增长率幼果期苹果最高(0.0632),果实膨大前期为桃最高(0.0210),果实膨大后期为桃最高(0.0999)成熟期为梨最高(0.1117)。[结论]幼果期最适宜的寄主为苹果,果实膨大期最适宜寄主为桃,果实成熟期最适宜寄主为梨,这为揭示梨小食心虫在不同寄主间转移为害规律和田间防治提供了科学依据和参考。

[Objectives] To explore the effect of host fruit maturity on the development and life table parameters of the oriental fruit moth （Grapholitha molesta）. [Methodsl Larvae of the oriental fruit moth were reared on fruits at different stages of maturity under laboratory conditions of （26＋0.5）℃, RH 70%：k10% and a photoperiod of 15L： 9D. [Results] The development duration and reproductive productivity of the oriental fruit moth were significantly affected by host fruit maturity. There were no significant differences in the duration of the larval stage between young and early growth stage fruit, however, the duration of the larval stage was shortest on late growth stage, and mature stage, peaches （10.44 d and 9.42 d, respectively）. Larval survival rates on apples were highest on young, early growth stage and late growth stage fruit （3.47 %, 13.04 % and 25.35 %, respectively）, but on pears were highest （39.70%） on mature stage fruit. Female moths laid most eggs on young and early growth stage apples （138.33 and 145.33 eggs per female, respectively）, on late growth stage peaches （151.90 eggs per female）, and on mature stage pears （182.12 eggs per female）. Analysis of life-table parameters indicated that the net reproductive rate was highest on young apples （8.60）, on late growth stage peaches （19.42）, and on mature stage pears （47.44）. The highest rates of increase was recorded on young apples （0.0632）, early and late growth stage peaches （0.0210 and 0.0999, respectively）, and on mature stage pears （0.1117）. [Conclusion] Our results suggest that G. molesta prefers young apples,early and late growth stage peaches, and mature stage pears. Control measures for this pest should take this information into account.