斑翅果蝇对四种非寄主果实的产卵选择适应性

Oviposition preferences and reproductive success of Drosophila suzukii on 4 non-host fruits

[目的]针对斑翅果蝇(Spotted wing Drosophila,SWD,Drosophila suzukii Matsumura)常见寄主果实期较短,评估4种非寄主果实(香蕉、紫心火龙果、芒果、红提)对斑翅果蝇种群的适合度,筛选最佳饲养水果。[方法]测定了人工饲料饲养的斑翅果蝇对4种水果气味的选择反应及其产卵选择性,比较了分别用4种水果饲养的斑翅果蝇的生物学特性(产卵量、卵历期、孵化率、幼虫历期、化蛹率、蛹历期、羽化率、成活率、雌雄比)。[结果]斑翅果蝇对4种非寄主果实气味喜好为:香蕉>芒果>红提>紫心火龙果,产卵选择喜好表现为:香蕉>紫心火龙果>芒果>红提,且香蕉饲养的斑翅果蝇后代成活率最高,各虫态历期最低。[结论]在4种非寄主果实中,香蕉既能引诱斑翅果蝇,也能刺激其产卵,且后代成活率显著最高,宜作为长期饲料进行实验室种群扩增。

[Objectives] The spotted wing Drosophila （SWD）, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura （Diptera： Drosophilidae）, is a pest that infests small stone fruits and cherries in the majority of fruit-growing regions of the world. The fruiting season of the usual hosts of this pest is relatively short. In order to find a natural fruit that could replace artificial diets for rearing populations of SWD, its oviposition preferences and reproductive success on 4 non-host fruits （banana, pitaya, mango, and grape） were studied. [Methods] The olfactory responses and oviposition preferences of SWD reared on an artificial diet for each of the 4 non-host fruits were tested. In addition, the number of eggs laid, durations of the egg, larval, and pupal, periods, the hatching, pupation, emergence, and survival rates, plus the sex ratio, of SWD reared on each of the four fruits, were measured and compared. [Results[ The non-host fruits could be ranked in terms of olfactory response as follows; banana〉 mango〉 grape〉pitaya, and in terms of oviposition preferences as; banana〉 pitaya〉mango〉 grape. The survival rate of SWD on banana was significantly higher than on the other 3 fruits, and the duration of each life-stage was significantly shorter on banana than on the other fruits. [Conclusion] Of the four fruits tested, SWD were most attracted by banana odor, and laid most eggs on bananas. Reproductive productivity was also higher on banana than on the other fruits.