北京园林花灌木对天敌昆虫成虫补充营养引诱作用的研究

Attractiveness of flowering shrubs in urban green space in Beijing to natural enemies of insect pests

[目的]多数寄生性和捕食性天敌成虫具有取食花粉和/或花蜜补充营养的习性,补充营养对提高天敌的生物防治效率具有非常重要作用。为此,本文研究了北京园林花灌木对不同种类天敌的引诱作用。[方法]采用在花枝下悬挂黄板的方法诱集补充营养的天敌,统计其数量后与对照进行t-检验。[结果]山茱萸Cornus officinalis、蒙椴Tilia mongolica无刺野蔷薇Rosa multiflora inermis和丝棉木Euonymus maackii为食蚜蝇喜食补充营养花灌木,迎春Jasminum nudiflorum为食蚜蝇补充营养花灌木;山茱萸、连翘Forsythia suspensa和丝棉木为草蛉嗜食补充营养花灌木,蒙椴、珍珠梅Sorbaria kirilowii和紫玉兰Magnolia liliflora为草蛉喜食补充营养花灌木;丰花月季Rose hybrida cv.Floribunda和蒙椴为瓢虫嗜食补充营养花灌木,丝棉木和山茱萸为瓢虫补充营养花灌木;山茱萸、连翘、丝棉木和三裂绣线菊Spiraea trilobata为寄生蜂喜食补充营养花灌木。[结论]早春开花的山茱萸和连翘,夏季开花的蒙椴,以及3季有花的丰花月季对提高天敌的生防效率具有重要的作用。

[Objectives] To investigate the attractiveness of flowering shrubs in urban green spaces in Beijing to parasitic and predatory invertebrates that supplement their diet with nectar and/or pollen. Adults of many species of parasitic and predatory invertebrates supplement their diet behaviors by visiting flowering plants to feed on nectar and/or pollen. The availability of flowering plants could therefore increase the number of such parasites and predators, thereby improving the biological control of insect pests. [Methods] Yellow sticky boards were hung under flower shoots to trap parasitic and predatory invertebrates feeding on nectar or pollen. The statistical significance of differences between the number of parasites and predators trapped at flowering plants and at control plants was assessed with Student＇s t-test. [Results] Hover flies visited Comus officinalis, Tilia mongolica, Rosa multiflora inermis and Euonymus maackii, but preferred Jasminum nudiflorum. Lacewings visited C.officinalis, F. suspensa and E. maackii but preferred T. mongolica, S.kirilowii and M. liliflora. Ladybugs visited Rose hybrida cv. Floribunda and T. mongolica, but preferred E. maacla＇i and C. officinalis. Parasitoids preferred C. oJficinalis, F. suspensa, E. maackii and S. trilobata. [Conclusion] C. officinalis and F. suspensa, which bloom in early spring, T. mongolica, which blooms in midsummer, and Rose hybrida cv.floribunda which flowers in three seasons, can significantly increase the abundance of some natural enemies of pest insects.