地下出土战国时期编钟乐器综论

A Review of Unearthed Musical Instruments Chimes of Warring States Period

战国时期编钟悬乐器出土数量之多,保存之完好,先后在河南、河北、湖北、湖南、山东和上海等地发现。编钟包括镈钟、甬钟和钮钟三大类,质地则以铜、陶、木等多种形式彰显文化特色,大部分编钟为实用乐器,也有少量的明器用于随葬,但见钟镈甬钮悬乐形制仍然不失两周之际的文化特色,尤其甬钟、钮钟乐悬制度,从先秦至两汉时期起到了承上启下的重大作用。又为研究当下社会礼乐制度和悬乐制度提供了珍贵的实物资料。

The unearthed musical instruments chimes of Warring States period are large in amount and kept quite well. They have been found successively in Henan, Hebei, Huhei, Hunan, Shandong and Shanghai. These chimes include three kinds： Bo Bells, Yong Bells and Niu Bells. From their materials, they are made of either bronze, or pottery, or wood. And their diversified forms show the various cultural features. Most of them are the practical instruments. And a small number of them were buried together with the dead. But the hanging Bo, Yong and Niu bells still have the cultural forms of two Zhou Dynasties. Particularly, the hanging system of Yong and Niu bells played a role of connecting the link between the preceding and the following from pre-Qin time to two Han Dynasties. They have offered the precious material objects for the study of the current social system of rites and music and hanging musical instruments.