论西周早期燕侯墓出土青铜面饰的功用

On the Face-shaped Decorative Bronzes Unearthed From the Yan Hou Tomb in the Early Western Zhou Dynasty

出土了青铜面饰的西周早期燕侯墓位于北京房山琉璃河西周燕国墓地,墓号为1193号,该墓随葬的青铜面饰有4件人面饰与5件兽面饰,该墓还出土了青铜重器克罍、克盉,其上面都发现了重要的铭文。这些青铜面饰曾被认为是用做盾饰,该说法至今仍有一定的影响。本文通过对该墓地出土的同类青铜面饰的考察,并结合边疆民族学调查资料来论证该西周早期燕侯墓所出土青铜面饰实际是用做面具的,应是墓主生前主持祭祀礼仪所使用。周初最高统治集团的迷信程度十分严重,甚至直到春秋时期,祭祀仍为国家的重要规制。西周早期燕侯墓随葬的青铜面具既是艺术珍品,也是神权之象征。

The Yan Hou tomb of the early Western Zhou Dynasty where the face-,haped decorative bronzes unearthed is located in the Beijing Fangshan Liulihe cemetery of the Yan country in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the tomb number is 1193, buried with 4 man face-shaped decorative bronzes and 5 animal face-shaped decorative bronzes in the tomb, the tomb also unearthed the important bronze vessels, Which are the Ke Lei and Ke He, the important inscriptions are found on them. These face-shaped decorative bronzes were considered to be used as shield decorations, the statement Still has certain influence. Through the investigation of the similar face-shaped decorative bronzes unearthed from the cemetery, and combining with ethnological investigation data of the frontier, this paper demonstrates the face-shaped decorative bronzes of the Yan Hou tomb in the early Western Zhou Dynasty are actually the masks. They should belthe use of Yan Hou when he presided over the ceremony and ritual during his lifetime. The superstition of the supreme ruling group was very serious at the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Even until the Spring and Autumn period, the sacrifice was still an important regulation of the state. The bronze masks of the Yah Hou tomb in the early Western Zhou Dynasty were not only the art treasures, but also the symbol of theocracy.